To what extent have Japanese multinationals competed successfully in different international markets, and which major factors explain these achievements and shortcomings?

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  1. To what extent have Japanese multinationals competed successfully in different international markets, and which major factors explain these achievements and shortcomings?
    Whenever relevant and insightful, you are encouraged to make cross-industry and cross-country comparisons amongst Asia Pacific multinationals, and to employ lessons from
    international business theory and research. Consider therefore a number of perspectives,
    including the aims of multinationals and international business strategies; major differences
    between industries and types of business; the degree of global versus regional control, and
    changes in operational control over time; the competitive advantages or capabilities of
    multinationals compared to those of rivals; variations in management, organization, and
    operations between home country and host nations; the comparative abilities of Asia Pacific
    multinationals to compete in various international locations, and their ability to adapt to changes
    in policy and markets; and the policies of home and host governments, and their very different
    effects.
    Example of Analysis and Structure for Assignment
  2. What is the question, and how do you provide a precise answer? What is your overall
    response, and then what analytical structure will you adopt to substantiate your stated
    view?
  3. When did the case/firm/industry move towards FDI? Where did the investment go? Are
    there differences in FDI histories or patterns with other industries or countries? How and
    when did a firm become an MNE or TNC? Why did firms decide to become
    multinationals? What therefore was their strategy or motivation? Entry mode? Are
    differences in strategy and capabilities because of timing of FDI, because manufacturers
    are unlike services, or because multinationals come from different countries? To what
    extent are choices and decisions related to existing FDI theories and approaches? Have
    selected firms, industries or nations been market, efficiency, resource or asset seeking?
    Are there different patterns in the timing, location, strategy and entry mode of
    multinationals from different nations?
  4. How did MNEs, once they have decided to ‘multinational-ize’, succeed as
    multinationals? What O advantages, capabilities or resources did they possess to
    succeed, or what advantages, capabilities or resources did they need to acquire or
    develop when ‘multinational-izing’? Does the case fit the OLI or the LLL framework
    better?
    a. Production and operations? Management of global production chains, or SCM?
    b. R&D, innovation?
    c. Brand, design, product, and marketing? Distribution networks or relations?
    d. Management skills and experience? Human resource management skills, training?
    e. Building external networks and client relations, in host economies, as in service
    industry?
    f. Access to resources such as finance and capital? Or key supplies?
    g. Management and organization. To what extent have strategic needs evolved after the
    act of FDI, and how is this related to management, organisation, levels of centralization,
    decentralization, or regionalization? Employment of expatriates v locals? Usefulness of
    FDI theories and approaches?
    h. Role of government in stimulating inward FDI, and allowing and supporting outward FDI?
    Notion of institutional advantage? Political economy and macro-economic perspectives
    in FDI theories and approaches?
    i. Conclusion. AP multinationals have some common characteristics that have allowed
    them to compete globally and in Europe, alongside companies from North America and
    Europe? Or differences between AP nations fundamental? Japanese, Korean or
    Chinese multinationals show very specific and important differences? Or differences
    between industries more important? Or general trends in 1980s, 1990s, or since 2000
    show similar pattern over time?

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